Wall


Concept
In fact, the engligh word "wall" is deriver form latin vallum

Walls origin

Walls have their origin in the fortifications of cities


Use

TO separate spaces
Structural walls to provide protection to delimit

Parts of walls

Pilar
Beam
Windowsill
Skirting board
Jambs
Sill
Lintel
Discharge arch

Types of walls

Building walls: to support foofs and ceilings
Boundary walls: limit the movmement of peolpe across a certain border or separet two population
Shared walls: Neighbouring properties
Retaining walls: Holds back rock from a building.

Types of retaining walls:

- Gravity wall
- Piling wall
- Cantielever wall
- Anchored wall


Framed Structures


DEfinition

Support, shape, and framework for outer coverings

Structures:

Foundation and footing: Delivers load from the house down to solid soil
Wall Framing: Vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls
Load bearing walls: Conducts the vertical load form upper structure
Non-bearing walls: They don't support loads so they ussually can be remived without compromising the structure.
Floor framing: System of sills, beams, girders, joists.
Roof framing: The supporting structure os a roof usually compromises beams

Construction systems.

Platform framing.
Balloon Framing.

Lintel


Definition: a header or horizontal beam that supports weight of the roof

Post and lintel is a simple construction technique also called "post and beam"

Trabeated System: horizontal beams that involves the use of arches

A trabated system is commonly used for reinforce and decoration.